Free writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Free writing - Essay Example But, luckily, this fear did not turn out to be the be all and end all of most of my pursuits. During my childhood days in South Korea I turned towards nature for inspiration and guidance. I observed that nature tended to achieve perfection by diligently and persistently working on small things. The growing of a leaf of grass, the falling of a drop of rain on the parched earth, the first flight of a hatchling from one’s nest, the existence of large wiggly colonies of insects below the dead logs, the shedding of the leaves in fall, the blooming of flowers in the spring, all these things do not declare their existence with much grandeur and fanfare. Yet, there is no denying the fact that they adorn the earth with much beauty and charm. Hence, it was through my observation of nature that I learned the strength inherent in small things. It was how I came to the conclusion that perhaps I may not be able to wrest big achievements in my life, but certainly I can accomplish many small things through my dedication and sincerity. So I brought this magic of small things to all the aspects of my life. To begin with, I honed my proficiency in small things in the much benign and salubrious family atmosphere in Korea. It was through observing my family members that I realized that a person is dependent on the kindness of others when one is born, and also one is dependent on the kindness of others when one gets old, then how come we forget the relevance of kindness and compassion in the more robust, middle part of our lives? So my experience as a family man was a story of love and compassion. I may not have been able to do big things for my family, but I am sure they will always remember me for the love and kindness I put in the small things I did for them. In my academic and professional career I also always laid stress on the strength inherent in small things. Without sounding arrogant, I would not shy away from saying that my success as

Internet Essay Example for Free

Internet Essay Internet has become one of the basic needs for mostly peoples; we can’t expect our daily life without internet. If we observe, we can easily check out the fact that how internet has dominated in our lives and we are very much dependent on internet. Earlier internet wan the source to collect information only but as time and technology changing day by day, lots of new trends is coming and our daily life has shifted on Internet. If we want to explore any new palace, we use internet, if we want to go for shopping, we use internet and this is not the end point of our list. We use internet to solve our mostly daily uses queries. Internet has become very useful in the field of education. As internet contributing great help in education, here we are discussing how internet contributing for education. With the help of internet, we can easily contact with any one. Internet has diminished the differences and every resource is very near and close to the needy one. Earlier School and College projects were too tough to complete but with the help of internet, information and data is available 24? and every needy student can complete their projects with the help of a small research. In other words, now needy one can achieve the goal, excuses don’t exist now. The biggest source for information that is encyclopedia is available online and any one can use it to get desired information. Now there is no chance to get the incomplete information, Encyclopedia contains the most effective information’s and it is available online. Every news in online available, whatever happens is available suddenly sp there is no scope to look back or wait for some thing. You have internet and you can update yourself any time according to your own needs and time table. What ever is happening is visible. There are lots of Online Learning Programs are available for those who are unable to attend the classes or have any other problems. Even online collages and institute are also available to serve online education.

The Adventurous Character Tom in Mark Twains The Adventures of Tom Saw

The Adventurous Character Tom in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The needle pricked the finger to let the blood drip on to the peace of pine shingle to finalize the oath that was to keep them "mum" (76) about the murder they had just witnessed. Mark Twain's book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1985) takes place in the mid 1800's and tells the adventures of Tom Sawyers adventures. The adventures started out with Tom and his friend, Huckleberry Fin, sneaking out and accidentally being witnesses to a murder. They then promise to never tell a word of it. Throughout the book they forgot about the murder and decide to go and play pirates and search for gold, but a trial about the murder finally comes, and it is haunting Tom because an innocent person, Muff Potter, is about to be executed. Tom opens his mouth to tell who the murderer was and then both Tom and his friend are in danger of being the next victims, but fate catches up with the murderer and he starves in a cave when the door is locked shut. The novel's finale is Tom and Huck finding the chest of gold, which made them both prosper with wealth. Throughout the novel, Twain uses a great approach to making the novel a very good read because of the fascinating characterization of Tom Sawyer. The dominant techniques that Twain uses to characterize Tom as an adventurous young man are his appearance, his thoughts, what others think of him, his actions, and his speech. Tom's appearance is the first element that enhances his character. His appearance is always changing. Tom starts most days looking like a cleaned up young man in nice clothes, but it usually never failed that through Tom's adventures of his rough play, fighting, mischief or swimming his clothes would end t... ...t example because if a person were in a fight they wouldn't say "You say enough when you have had enough." The use in the story makes it more realistic. Another good example of Tom's speech is when he was talking about the money that the robbers had got. He said, " 'Tain't a dream, then, 'tain't a dream! Somehow I most wish it was. Dog'd if I don't, Huck" (169). This is another good example because Tom was really excited when he stated this, so he wouldn't worry about good speech and grammar. Twain did a very good job of characterizing Thomas Sawyer. To do this he effectively used the techniques of characterization including appearance, his thoughts, what others think of him, his actions, and his speech to formulate a very interesting exploiting character. Work Cited Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1985.

Education of the Henry Adams

â€Å"The Education of the Henry Adams† reviews Adams' and the United States's education and growth during the 19th century. Adams was an old man who had Puritan beliefs about sex and religion. In this autobiography, Adams voices his skepticism about man's newfound power to control the direction of history, in particular, the exploding world of science and technology, where all certainties of the future have vanished (anb.org, 1). Adams grew up in the United Stated where he was a Puritan. Puritans believed that sex (women especially) was just a form of fertility and reproduction; otherwise â€Å"sex was a sin† (Adams, 384). â€Å"American art, like the American language and American education, was as far as possible sexless† (Adams, 385). The only sculptures and paintings of women that Adams viewed with understanding were those like the Virgin Mary, who was always seen as non-sexual. For example, â€Å"America was ashamed of her†¦have strewn fig-leaves so profusely all over her† (Adams, 384). However, during this time of the technology revolution, women were beginning to be viewed differently, especially in Europe. Women were viewed as beautiful and mortal beings. People such as Rodin were representing women in paintings and sculptures sexually. Sex was becoming something more than just a means of reproduction. Suddenly Adams was far, far away from his Puritan custom-bound life. People were no longer motivated by religion, being saved by God, and going to heaven; science, technology, money, and power had taken over the drives of man. Religion (a common â€Å"scale† of the past) had taken the backseat to science, technology, money, power, and the new ideas and art of sex (all new â€Å"scales† of the present and the future). â€Å"In opposition to the medieval Virgin, Adams saw a new godhead-the dynamo-symbol of the modern history†s anarchic energies† (anova.org, 1). Adams desperately wanted to learn about the new world of technology, the â€Å"dynamos†, yet he felt helpless to find this new knowledge and to comprehend it. Adams was overwhelmed by the technology of the dynamos. When Adams saw the dynamo, it became a symbol of the future, of infinity (Adams, 380). â€Å"He began to feel the forty-foot dynamos as a moral force, much as early Christians felt the cross† (Adams, 380). Like the changes in art and sexuality, the technology was overtaking religion. The dynamo, to Adams, has become a symbol of the unknown, of the future without God and religion. This was Adams†s greatest uncertainty; going against all of his past and beliefs and moving on into the unpredictable future.

Francis Turbine Conclusion

FFRANCIS TURBINE QUESTIONS & DISCUSSIONS 7. 1 QUESTIONS 1. Plot a graph of: a. Turbine velocity versus flow rate. b. Turbine velocity versus output torque. c. Turbine velocity versus hydraulic power. d. Turbine velocity versus mechanical power. e. Turbine velocity versus efficiency. 2. Give your comment(s) from the graph obtained. ? Based on the graph Turbine velocity versus flow rate, it is shown that line for both z=50% and 100%is increasing when turbine velocity increase, flow rate also increasing. From the graph Turbin velocity versus output torque, it is shown that output torque for the both line will increase slightly when turbine velocity is increase ? In the Turbin velocity versus hydraulic power graph,the line shows water speed is increasing due to increasing of hydraulic power. Overall, when turbine velocity become large then it will increase hydraulic power. ? Graph of Turbin velocity versus mechanical power shows mechanical power increase when turbine velocity is going do wn. ? For the graph of Turbin velocity versus efficiency, it shows its efficiency decrease when turbine elocity increase. 3. State five (5) safety factors that have been taken in the experiment. There is five safety factors that should be taken while doing the experiment in laboratory: ? Make sure our hands are dry when switch on the switch of the machine ? Make sure the turbine is not stopped immediately as it tends to overspeed with emergency stops. ? Make sure the equipment function well before experiment get started. ? Must follow procedure going on the experiment so accident could be avoid during experiment. ? Make sure handling well the equipments during experiment and void silly behavior.DISCUSSIONS Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis. It is an inward flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. They operate in a head range of ten meters to sev eral hundred meters and are primarily used for electrical power production. In real life, the basic operating system of the Francis Turbine is applied to generate hydroelectric power. To design the most efficiency hydroelectric generator, several factors -head, low rate, velocity, power and efficiency of the area should be taking into account. Hman is the differences of pressure head position which measured the pressure and the turbine shaft bar. It is a kinetic parameter which cause by water velocity. The height differences between the pressure gauging point position and the point of water level at the outflow of reservoir will influence the power of outlet. Lower river flows because of drought, climate change or upstream dams and diversions will reduce the amount of live storage in a reservoir therefore reducing the amount of water that can be used for ydroelectricity. The result of diminished river flow can be power shortages in areas that depend heavily on hydroelectric power. T he turbine overall efficiency, is calculated as the ratio of power at outlet point compared to the generated power. It is because in natural the head and velocity of water source is not possible remaining constant. It will influence capacity factor lower than 100%. During the experiment, there might be some error that affects the result of this experiment. The errors that might occur are parallax error while recording the readings or inaccurate time counting.Besides, before starting the experiment, the water lever of the tank storage should be checked for remaining at acceptable water lever. CONCLUSION From the experiment that was done, we can conclude that the turbine velocity is increase with the flow rate, output torque, and hydraulic power but decrease in efficiency and mechanical power. REFERENCES †¦ Ab Aziz Abdul Latiff, Zawawi Daud, Noor Azila Ahmad, Hartini Kasmin, Wan Afnizan Wan Mohamed,†¦ Zarina Md Ali. (2007). Hidraulik. Penerbit UTHM APPENDIX †¦ Original Data Sheet

Vertical economy in Tamboo

Vertical economy in Tamboo The concept of the vertical economy was discussed in class and in the film. It discusses how it applies to the Incas. Since self-sufficiency was the ideal of the society, family units claimed parcels of land in different ecological niches in the rugged terrain. In this way, they achieved what anthropologists have called "vertical complementarily," that is, the ability to produce a wide variety of cropssuch as maize, potatoes, and quinoa (a protein-rich grain)at different altitudes for household consumption. It relates to Tambo in the same way, it basically allows food to be grown at different levels of the land. Some are grown and dramatically different levels, such as Potatoes at 4,000 meters, maize at 2,500 meters, and Coca at 800 meters. Different members of a same community were divided among different eco-systems, and that's way their human settlements were bound into a single system. That is how they had a large population.The Macchu Picchu, a UNESCO World Heritage Site ne...Ta mboo is basically a diary about Julia's experiences living with (and as) the Quechua for 1 year in a small village called Tambo. The book is filled with rich descriptions of the land, the people, their work and habits, the festivities, the surroundings and the life of these people, and in particular one extended family with who Julia and her husband, lived, worked and played with. Due to the closeness of the relationship between Julia and her hosts, the book describes the characters in a way that makes you become fond of them. Almost as if you know them yourself. The personal lives, ways, mannerisms and problems. By the time the book comes to an end you have had a rich insight into the very closed and ritual world of rural Quechua society and have shared the difficulties that Julia and her husband experienced. The most...

Themes in A Farewell to Arms

Themes in A Farewell to Arms A Farewell to Arms is a novel that is set during World War 1. It is the story of two lovers, Henry and Catherine and the impact of the war on their life and love. The novel has several strong themes that are continuous throughout the books.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Themes in A Farewell to Arms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tragedy The novel ends with Catherine’s death and Henry walking alone back home in the rain. He has lost his baby and the love of his life. When authoring the book, Hemmingway said â€Å"The fact that the book was a tragedy did not make me unhappy since I believed that life was a tragedy and it could only have one end† (Hemmingway, 1948, vii-viii) The author referred to the novel as his Romeo and Juliet. Unlike other forms of tragic narratives where the character suffers as a result of his wrong decision, Henry suffers for committing himself to love. He makes the de cision that the readers desire him to make. He decides to be with his love, and at the end, it turns out to be a sad affair when Catherine dies. As one reads the book, they sense an inevitable doom for the two lovers. The story will not end with them escaping to Switzerland to live a peaceful life. When the tragedy occurs, the readers come to concur with the author’s thoughts on life. It is indeed a tragedy (Merril, 1974). The tragedy is inevitable similar to the way Macbeth could not be forgiven his sins and restored to virtue or Lear be allowed to live his days with the faithful Cordelia. The author from the beginning of the story creates tragic expectations which must be fulfilled for the piece of literature to succeed. The author creates a sense of foreboding in several ways. When Henry thinks Catherine’s courage, he concludes that â€Å"If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them so of course, it kills them†¦it kill s the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg258-259) When the lovers are in Switzerland and the seasons change from summer to autumn, Catherine also has a bad premonition. She tells Henry â€Å"I’m afraid of the rain because sometimes I see me dead in it.†(Hemmingway, 1948, pg131). The rain in the novel is symbolic of the tragedy that will occur.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pattern of the book’s narrative structure is also a premonition of danger in the future. In the first book, Henry is deep in the war experiencing its horrors. In book two life gets better as he is off the battleground and taken to Milan. He meets Catherine and falls in love. However, in book three, it again changes, and he is back to the war. In book five and six, the couple escapes into Switzerland; however , the reader knows that it will not end well. He waits for the cyclic pattern of peace and turmoil to be fulfilled. War’s devastating effects From the beginning, as the author narrates the story in the setting of World War 1, the reader is shown the horrors and trauma of war. In the second chapter, the landscape is described as â€Å"the forest of oak trees on the mountain beyond the town was gone. The forest had been green in the summer when we had come into the town, but now there were stumps and the broken trunks and the ground torn up.†(Hemmingway, 1948, p6). The war changes the landscape from fruitfulness to barrenness. The first dialogue shows the baiting of a priest by Italian officers. Henry is blown up while consuming a piece of cheese. As he is being transported to the hospital, a dead soldier bleeds all over him. The bleeding soldier had been put above him in the ambulance. The man bleeds on Henry till he dies. Henry remembers that the stream of blood just k ept on flowing. â€Å"In the dark, I could not see where it came from the canvas overhead†¦ After a while, the stream from the stretcher above lessened and started to drip again and I heard and felt the canvas move as the man on the stretcher settled more comfortably. â€Å"How is he?† the Englishman called back. â€Å"We’re almost up.† â€Å"He’s dead I think,† I said (Hemingway, 1948, pg61). Two of his favorite subordinates, Passini and Aymo die, and he feels that they died unreasonably. By the end of the war, his best friend, Rinaldi ends up having a depression. When Henry asks Catherine what happened to his fiancà ©e the way she responds to the questions shows the devastating effects of the war. â€Å"He didn’t have a saber cut. They blew him all to bits† (Hemingway, p20). The author’s choice of words shows how he personally felt about the World Wars. The wounds that the characters get in the war show the way they af fect the individual’s life even when they are away from the battlefield. While Henry is in Milan, he runs into an American-Italian on his convalescenceAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Themes in A Farewell to Arms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More leave. Ettore Moretti had been injured three times in his body. He had a wound on the shoulder, on the leg, and the foot. Moretti describes his injury in lurid detail. â€Å"There’s dead bone in my foot that stinks right now. Every morning I take new pieces out, and it stinks all the time† (Hemingway, 1948, pg122). There are feelings of helplessness, defeat, and despair. Henry himself also suffers from an injury and has to take some time off recuperating in Milan. The doctor describes his wounds in detail. â€Å"Multiple superficial wounds of the left and right thigh and the left and right knee and right foot. Deep wounds of right knee and foot . Lacerations of the scalpwith possible fracture of the skull. Incurred in the line of duty† (Hemingway, 1948, pg59). Masculinity This is one of the main themes in the novel. Women are portrayed or treated as sexual objects. The reader encounters the first hero, Rinaldi in a brothel. Catherine Barkley is a nurse in the world of the Italians where all the women are viewed as whores. Rinaldi speaks to her and even fantasizes about marriage with her, but eventually, his attitude goes back to the standard attitude of male dominance and chivalry. â€Å"What a lovely girl†¦Does she understand that? She will make you a fine boy. A fine blonde like she is What a lovely girl.†(Hemmingway, 1948, pg99). If one encounters a doctor, he would ask if he is excellent in surgery and can make a fine leg. However, in the novel, Rinaldi thinks whether the nurse is sexually adequate if she will be able to make a fine boy! When Henry comes back from Milan, Rinaldi asks him whether Cathe rine was of practical help to him. The question carries with it a strong sexual connotation. The soldiers visit whores and regard the women as nothing more as the nature of work that they do. When the whores are being loaded into a truck for a retreat, the men start talking about how much they are being overcharged for the women’s services. They speak of the low value they get from them. â€Å"Over in half an hour or fifteen minutes. Sometimes less. Sometimes a good deal less.† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg170-171).Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The soldiers in another scene start baiting the priest with sexual jokes, totally disrespecting the nature of the life he has chosen and making him profoundly uncomfortable. There is hostility between Henry and the women in authority. He also shows chivalry and a domineering masculine nature when he interacts with the head of the hospital in Milan, Miss Van Campen. The nurse sees Henry as domineering and rude while Henry sees that she is jealous of the sexual relationship he has with Catherine. He considers Miss Campen as the old maid who persecutes those who have sex as she has never experienced sex herself. In the final struggle with her, he tells her she cannot judge him since she is not a man. Secondly, he does not view her as a full woman either because she has not had any sexual experiences (Fetterley, 1976). Henry does not like being dominated by any woman who is evident when he speaks of his experiences with whores. â€Å"Does she(the whore) say that she loves him? Yes if h e wants her to. Does he say he loves her? He does if he wants to† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg105). Catherine in speaking of her dead fiancà ©e tells Henry how he wanted them to have sex. However, Catherine was reluctantly bound by the traditional mindsets of the society at that time. This shows the difference in how men and women perceived sex at that time. It is a casual affair for the men while it carries significant weight for the women. Lack of heroism The author does not show the traditional kind of hero that is often portrayed in war literature books. When comparing Henry to these heroes, he immediately falls short or pales in comparison. In the period that Henry is first called to serve at the Italian Front, Henry does not show any heroic thoughts on the war or retribution. He spends idyllic days with his friends in brothels and cafes. â€Å"I watched the snow falling, looking out of the window of the bawdy house, the house for officers, where I sat with a friend and two gl asses drinking a bottle of Asti† (Hemingway,1948, pg6). There are feelings of detachment from Henry concerning the war (Silvester, 2002). He is not involved emotionally in the process. He goes ahead and naively thinks â€Å"well, I knew I would not be killed. Not in this war. It did not have anything to do with me. It seemed no more dangerous than a war in the movies†(Hemingway, 1948, pg37). Henry at the beginning of the novel is a naà ¯ve man on the war and its close devastating effects (Dodman, 2006). When Catherine asks why as an American he is fighting in the Italian army, Henry gives a lot of evasive answers. It is an odd thing which Catherine mentions to him, but Henry just comments that in life there are at times when there is no explanation for everything. This shows the lack of traditional heroism attributes in Henry again. A heroic individual would have taken the opportunity to elaborate on the importance of fighting in the war and the reasons for his actions . He describes how his injury occurred while he was eating cheese. There are no glorified stories as he narrates the incident. He does not show heroism or patriotism. They are almost irrelevant to him (Hatten, 1993) He also feels a lot of helplessness at his role as an ambulance driver in the war. He does not see how he plays a critical role in the whole process. Henry observes that â€Å"Everything seemed in good condition. It evidently made no difference whether I was there or not. I had imagined that the condition of the cars, whether, or not things were obtainable, the smooth functioning of the business of removing wounded and sick from the dressing stations depended to a considerable extent on myself. Evidently it did not matter whether I was there or not (Hemingway, 1948, pg16). Initially, he had thought he was important, and the smooth running of operations depended on him. Henry faces the reality of the war and its horrors in the battleground that totally shatters the way he used to see things. Certain concepts lose meaning. The value of a man’s life seems not to carry much weight as he sees the dead soldiers. His thoughts are now devoid of any heroism or similar concepts. He concludes that the â€Å"Abstract words such as glory, honor courage, or hallow were obscene†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Hemingway, 1948, pg185). He is under such trauma that he says â€Å"I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory, and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it† (Hemingway, 1948, pg185). The honor and glory of the dead soldier are not expressed by Catherine either when she speaks of her dead fiancà ©e. She tells Henry that her fiancà ©e was killed and that was the end. Her actual words are that he was blown to bits. There is no portrayal of the woman who despite her loss speaks of her brave and patriotic man who participated in the war and lost his life. In the end, He nry gives in to his desire to be with Catherine and deserts the army. He feels a lot of shame though for what he has done and tells Catherine that they live like criminals. l wish we did not always have to live like criminals, I said. Darling, dont be that way. You havent lived like a criminal very long l feel like a criminal. Ive deserted from the army. Darling, please be sensible. It s not deserting from the army. Its only the Italian army. (Hemmingway, 1948, pg251) Escapism There is the element of individuals seeking escape in A Farewell to Arms. Catherine meets Henry when she is mourning for her dead fiancà ©. She does not really deal with her pain but immediately starts flirting and engaging in a romance with Henry. She uses love to escape from the pain. Similarly, Henry has seen the horrors of war which have had a significant impact on him. He also escapes into a love relationship with Catherine. In the end, he even escapes from his duties and goes with Catherine to Switzer land where they can live an idyllic life. He, however, does feel guilty for the decisions that he has made. They, therefore, find a form of temporary solace from the pain they have experienced. What started as a pleasant distraction for both of them soon becomes what sustains them and prevents them from going crazy in their minds. The novel portrays that love has some curative properties for the ones who choose to use it in order to escape from pain. However, the individual who still uses love to escape pain can never really be wholly healed; he will always to some extent be in pain. Love, therefore, is shown as a metaphor for illness and cure (Lahrmann, 2006) Love In the book, love is a recurrent theme that plays a significant role both in Henry’s and Catherine’s lives. The way the couple relates shows the depth of their feelings for each other. Looking at what Catherine tells Henry concerning her feelings, they are now past the age of flirting to deep feelings for ea ch other. Initially, they had been playing and flirting with each other which Catherine knows very well. â€Å"I did not love Catherine Barkley nor had any idea of loving her. This was a game like bridge, in which you said things instead of playing cards This is a rotten game we play, isnt it? What game? Dont be dull. Im not, on purpose. Youre a nice boy, she said. And you play it as well as you know how. But its a rotten game. Do you always know what people think? Not always. But I do with you. You dont have to pretend you love me. Thats over for the evening But I do love you. Please lets not lie when we dont have to. I had a very fine little show, and Im all right now. (Hemmingway,1948, pg 30- l). Catherine’s fiancà © had been killed in the war, and after nearly a year in mourning, she was still in pain. Henry was initially a diversion, a stand-in for the time being to play with. When Catherine slaps Henry in another scene, he gets angry but is certain of conquering her . He plans to achieve mastery of the game, seeing their interaction together as moves in a chess game. Later, they fall in love and their conversation changes. Catherine, deep in love tells Henry â€Å"Ill say just what you wish and Ill do what you wish, and then you will never want any other girls will you? There isnt any me any more. Just what you want. (Hemmingway, 1948, pg115) Catherine is very submissive even as she expresses her love to her man (Lockridge, 1988) â€Å"There isnt any me. I m you. Youre my religion. Youre all Ive got (Hemmingway, 1948, pg 116). Henry, in the beginning, had portrayed himself as an individual who does not love at all. He had told the priest that he does not love. In the course of the novel; however, he falls deeply in love with Catherine, abandons the army and escapes with her into Switzerland. Dodman, Trevor. â€Å"Going All to Pieces: A Farewell to Arms as Trauma Narrative† Twentieth Century Literature,52.3 (2006):249-274. Print. Fett erley, Judith. â€Å"A Farewell to Arms: Hemingways â€Å"Resentful Cryptogram† The Journal of Popular Culture, X:1 (1976): 203–214. Print. Hatten, Charles. â€Å"The Crisis of Masculinity, Reified Desire, and Catherine Barkley in A Farewell to Arms Journal of the History of Sexuality, 4.1(1993): 76-98. Print. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York. 1948. Print. Lahrmann, Jessica. â€Å"Metaphorical Illness in Hemingways Works.† College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal (2006): 1-30. https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=httpsredir=1article=1016context=curejseiredir=1#search=%22escape%20from%20pain%20farewell%20arms%20journal%22 Lockridge, Ernest. â€Å"Faithful in Her Fashion: Catherine Barkley, the Invisible Hemingway Heroine†. The Journal of Narrative Technique, 18.2(1988): 170-178. Print. Merril, Robert. â€Å"Tragic Form in a Farewell to Arms.† American Literature, 45. 4(1974): 571-579. Print. Silvester, K atie. â€Å"The Wound in War Literature: An Image of Heroism† Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston, 1(2002):214-231. Print.

Writing Prompts and Topics for the Easter Holiday

Writing Prompts and Topics for the Easter Holiday Journal writing teaches elementary school students to think creatively and gives them an opportunity to practice writing without the pressure of a right or wrong answer. You may or may not choose to review journal entries for correct grammar and spelling, but lifting the pressure of producing a polished piece often frees students to just enjoy the process. Many teachers see a marked improvement in overall writing ability in a short time when they use journals in the classroom. Try to make time at least a few days each week for your students to express their thoughts and feelings through words. Writing Prompts Holidays and other special occasions make good writing prompts because children generally look forward to them and enthusiastically share their thoughts on the topic. Easter writing prompts and journal topics inspire  students to write about the Easter season and what it means to them. It also gives teachers an opportunity to learn more about their students personal lives and how they celebrate the holiday. Suggest that your students share their journals with their parents at the end of the year; its a priceless gift of a scrapbook filled with mementos straight out of their childs mind. You can let your students write stream-of-consciousness style with few restrictions or provide more structure for a journal entry with length recommendations and suggestions for details to include. The main goal of journal writing should be to help students lose their inhibitions and write with the  pure purpose of writing for the sake of writing. Once they get the hang of letting their thoughts flow, most students really enjoy the exercise. Topics for Easter How do you celebrate Easter with your family? Describe what you eat, what you wear, and where you go. Who celebrates Easter with you?What is your favorite Easter book? Describe the story and explain why you like it best.Do you have an Easter tradition with your family or a friend? Describe it. How did it start?How has Easter changed from when you were really little to  now?I love Easter because†¦ Explain what you love about the Easter holiday.How do you decorate your Easter eggs? Describe the colors you use, how you dye them, and what the finished eggs look like.I once got a magic Easter egg†¦ Start a story with this sentence and write about what happened when you received the magic egg.At the perfect  Easter dinner, I would eat... Start a story with this sentence and write about the food you would eat at your perfect Easter dinner. Dont forget dessert!Imagine that the Easter bunny ran out of chocolate and candy before Easter ended. Describe what happened. Did someone c ome along and save the day? Write a letter to the Easter bunny. Ask him questions about where he lives and what he likes most about Easter. Tell him how you celebrate the holiday.

Sexually transmitted diseases in teens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sexually transmitted diseases in teens - Essay Example More than 30 new cases of STDs are diagnosis each day in Florida. Accordingly, 66 percent of the diagnosed cases involve peopled aged between 15 to 24 years. The County has a high sexual activity among teens and more than 50 percent of the high schools teens are sexually active. 16 percent of the teenagers have multiple sex partners while 30 percent do not use condom during condoms during sexual intercourse (National Coalition of STD Directors, 2013). Surprisingly, 93 percent of the teenagers surveyed did not use any birth control methods while about 20 percent did not receive any formal education related to prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Sexual activity among teens has increased the vulnerability to STDs, emotional distress and unwanted pregnancies. Miami-Dade STDs prevention efforts entail clinical services, surveillance, diagnosis and treatment of the reportable cases and community relations. The health department has gone further to implement awareness, events and research initiatives in curtailing new infections. There is also testing outside the public clinics, referrals and partners services for the infected persons (National Coalition of STD Directors, 2013). ... rch and other partner organizations in promoting regular HIV testing among the population, improving the public awareness on HIV and reducing the new of new infections (Heath, 2013). This initiative has enabled unique populations access HIV testing and reduce the stigma and discrimination against the HIV-positive individuals. Antiretroviral access training and peer education programs have enhanced the positive response towards testing and prevention of STDs (Heath, 2013). Target approach and nursing interventions Miami-Dade Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) control and prevention aims at reducing the incidence of STDs through screening, testing and diagnosis. The program also ensures prophylactic treatment and offers counseling to sexual partners. Surveillance efforts are conducted in order to ensure reportable STDs to either private or public health care providers. The private and public laboratories, health care providers and physicians are expected by the law to report positive STDs such as HIV and Syphilis to the MDCHD on daily basis (Heath, 2013). These cases are supposed to be reported to the State Health Office and Centers of Diseases Control and Prevention. In 2008, Miami-Dade County improved youth access to prevention and treatment services through providing school-based STD screening in public high schools (Heath, 2013). The nursing interventions have ensured that HIV-positive men especially White, Black and Hispanic men who have sex with other men are informed and screened for rectal gonorrhea and Chlamydia by the health care providers. This nursing intervention is common in areas such as Little Haiti, South Beach and Liberty City (Heath, 2013). Accordingly, HIV-positive pregnant women living in areas such as South Beach and Overtown are provided with

Web 2.0 for engaging and collaborative learning in higher education Essay

Web 2.0 for engaging and collaborative learning in higher education - Essay Example Classroom 2.0 uses asynchronous learning to promote collaboration among large numbers of users, instead of consuming one-way information, which is common in Classroom 1.0. Some educators are concerned, however, with the adoption of Web 2.0, because it may not serve their specific teaching needs and it may not always be aligned with learners’ skills and interests (Bennett et al., 2012; Yoo & David, 2011). Other educators think that Web 2.0 is a powerful enabling technology for students (Churchill, 2011; Sistek-Chandler, 2012). This essay aims to negotiate differences in the perceptions of Web 2.0 because of different beliefs in the effects of Web 2.0 on learning. Web 2.0 promotes learning through providing diverse tools for engaging and collaborative learning. Web 2.0 contributes to synchronous and asynchronous learning in higher education because it assists student content creation and sharing, promotes self-regulated learning and teamwork, and supports critical and reflective participation. Opponents of Web 2.0 assert that students have different Web 2.0 skills and these differences can produce cognitive load that can interfere with deep learning. Cifuentes, Alvarez Xochihua, and Edwards (2011) learned that the cognitive load from Web 2.0 interfered with deep learning due to students’ varying Web 2.0 skills. ... The authors stressed the importance of Web 2.0 in enhancing student content creation and sharing, but the inexperience of the students with these tools may prove disconcerting to them enough to not understand its value in their education. Cifuentes, Alvarez Xochihua, and Edwards (2011) also stressed that not all students understood the objectives of using Web 2.0. This article emphasizes the role of instructors in mediating learning through providing clear learning objectives in the use of Web 2.0. Teachers must consider these issues, before introducing Web 2.0 into learning practices. Technology skills and learning goals can impact how Web 2.0 will be used and adopted by both teachers and students alike. Students and teachers may have different interests and preferences too, when it comes too Web 2.0, which can affect how Web 2.0 is accepted and used in actual class settings. Yoo and David Huang (2011), in â€Å"Comparison of Web 2.0 Technology Acceptance Level Based on Cultural Di fferences,† examined the role of culture in accepting Web 2.0. They learned that Koreans and Americans have different preferences, when it comes to Web 2.0 technologies. If instructors are not aware of these preferences, they might not be able to motivate their students in maximizing Web 2.0 for learning. Bennett et al. (2012) noted that teachers also have varying perceptions on the importance of Web 2.0 in teaching and learning. Some teachers continue to believe that face-to-face communication is still the best way of learning, because actual presence can stimulate deep learning. Others believe that Web 2.0 presents interesting ways of engaging students. Clearly, differences in how Web

Summary of Crime and Violence and Political Rights Essay

Summary of Crime and Violence and Political Rights - Essay Example Democracy lacks strength here due to which crime rate is alarming and public safety is a major concern. The authors try to analyse how public’s thinking influences democracy and to what extent. It was found that there is definitely a strong relationship between public’s ideas and possible support for democracy. Both factors are inextricably linked to one another. In fact, regardless of socioeconomic background, any citizen’s perception is as important to predict support and stability for democracy as any other heavily considered socioeconomic variable. The findings of this research report are of great value because they succeed in establishing a relationship which is extremely important to further establishment and consolidation of democracy in any country. These findings can help to acknowledge what exactly was missing before which needs more work to secure democracy. The value of widespread awareness about democracy among citizens was unknown before which is an area where more efforts should be invested. The article authored by Josà © Miguel Cruz aims to explore why there is a less crime and violence rate in Nicaragua than other Central American countries like El Salvador and Honduras where crime violence is a big national issue. This research study is based on Central America. Nicaragua is the largest Central American country, yet the crime rate here is lower compared to the rest of the region under study. Owing to myriad unexpected political transitions, wars, and troubled conditions, all Central American countries suffered from a lot of ordeal and a state of unexpectedness which gave birth to socioeconomic underdevelopment and poor public affairs. But, it is told that none of these reasons explain why Nicaragua is blessed with a lower crime rate as compared to its fellow countries. Guatemala is a richer country than Nicaragua

Anthropological Puzzle Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anthropological Puzzle - Assignment Example The hunter who catches the large animal has the best part of the meat. Power also translates to their marriage traditions and male regard for large families. 2. What does the AAA statement on Race say in regards to biological vs. socio-cultural constructs of race? Give 2 specific examples. Why does this document say that that construct ‘race’ was invented? It says the ‘construct’ invented to separate by visible differences those who had power over others before DNA studies could show there were more differences within groups than between them. So, to create a labor force, control politics and channel wealth, differences that grouped people by physical similarities were a handy way of deciding who would rule and who would obey. But rather than biological or phenotypic differences, it is socio-cultural traditions that define groupings of people into nations or tribes. The way people behave and bring up their children determines what ‘race’ they belong to. Divisions were obvious among European American, black African slaves, and indigenous Indian people. In places like Europe, racial myths were exploited to gain dominance over Jews, Romanies, and homosexuals under the power of white Aryan supremacists. She showed how weak or deformed babies were left to die, and mothers displayed no grief or regret, a practice widespread through the community. Most mothers abandoned children with no chance of growing into useful adults or those who would be a drain on energy and resources. This heartless way seemed at odds with Western notions of natural maternal love. She saw the mothers were hardly able to look after themselves and had multiple pregnancies with many infant deaths, so the culture allowed women indifference for the ones that died, reserving love and care for the ones that lived. It made her redress the generally held assumption that maternal instinct is universal and innate.

Madoffs Fraud Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Madoffs Fraud Case - Research Paper Example He said that he earned the capital he invested in the business from Far Rockaway as lifeguard earnings. His firm was a major contributor to the growth of Nasdaq and boasts of succeeding in creating a system where brokers who mostly had traded in the New York Stock Exchange could do more business with the Nasdaq. When news that the business executive had been defrauding the investors and that the firm was nothing but a scam went public, it became a shock for most people. The scheme was a well-organized plan by a number of people to convince the regulators, investors, and visitors in the firms’ office that trading was going on while in real since it was not. In fact, there was no trading in the company for most of its life, with Mr. DiPascali an employee, revealing that he discovered that the company was not trading at all since the late 1980s. In addition, the firm also used a program that generated numbers randomly to choose the people to award-trading orders to, which happene d in varying intervals and in different increments. In such a case, it is unlikely for the investors to face charges for being victims of injustice (Efrati, 2009). However, Efrati, (2009) explains that two of the biggest investors in the firm, who had invested and trusted the firm with billions of dollars, got involved in the case, and the prosecution dragged them individually as well as their foundations to court to face charges. Instead of winning sympathy from the prosecutors and the judge, as they faced the charge of conspiring with the managers to defrauding other investors in the company. In a Manhattan court, Peter Madoff confessed among other crimes that he had faked documents and lied to regulators, which helped his elder brother Bernard Madoff to perpetuate the biggest of all investment frauds. The multi-billion dollar fraud scheme, known as the Ponzi scheme, defrauded investors of their invested capital during the collapse of Benard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC inv estment firm owned by Bernard Madoff. According to his confession in the court, Peter said that the investment sham caught him in shock when his brother told him the truth in the December of 2008 but said that he helped to divert the firm’s remaining funds to friends and family of the Madoffs. The employees forged documents that created a wrong impression of the company as trading and lured them into getting into the contracts and later lost their money. During his confession, Peter apologized for his irresponsible behavior, which is nothing, compared to the number of losses that investors suffered under his watch. For Peter, pleading guilty for his actions did not let him walk free after the judge sentenced him to 10 years imprisonment (Bray & Lauricella, 2009). The sentence also requires him to forfeit all his personal assets that include a Ferrari and more than 10 million dollars in cash. The sentence did not spare his wife and daughter, where he is required to forfeit the ir assets too. According to Peter, Bernard always acted as the boss, without giving his younger brother a chance for dialog. Despite this, he had an option of choosing not to honor his brother’s commands and do the right thing. He contributed to losses estimated at 17 billion dollars, money owned by the company on behalf of the investors, of which he promised to recover 11 billion.  

Discuss the socio-economic, philosophic and theological bases for the Essay

Discuss the socio-economic, philosophic and theological bases for the status of women in the middle ages - Essay Example The middle ages run from 1066 through 1485. The lives of women during these times were dependent on their roles and social status. It was a societal expectation that all women were subservient to men in their families and society. Women were required to serve and please men. The middle ages era was a male dominated one. The women were completely dominated by the men in their families. It was required of women to instantly obey their fathers, brothers and all other males in the family. Socially, women had no say over any matter. Any girl who dared to be unruly was beaten and forced into submission. In fact, disobedience was seen as a serious crime. The freedoms and entitlements for women and girls were grossly abused, suppressed or ignored in many places (Gordon, 2002). Economically, women were the least empowered humans. The English common law of the 12th century required that a wife submits all the property owned by her to her husband when she is married. All her property became the possession of her husband. Women’s wages and real estate were controlled by their husbands once they got married. In some regions, they were not even allowed to work outside their homes. They only remained at home to serve the males in their families. ... Women later on began to challenge this and demand for their property rights. Socially, women were not allowed to engage in politics or hold leadership position unless the belonged to royal families. Leadership and politics were male dominated. No woman could be allowed to stand against a man for leadership positions. Initially, women were also not allowed to vote or participate in making laws. According to ancient Roman law for example, women could only be citizens. They were not allowed to vote or run for political office. The women had no political freedom in their society. Women had no power to exercise their birth control rights like the contemporary woman. The number of children that a woman would bear would all depend on the choice made by their husbands. It was for the husbands to decide how many children they want (Gordon, 2002). The work of the women was only to sire and take care of these children. The situation later changed but there were still a lot of restrictions and r eservations from society. The women who dared to stand for leadership positions were viewed as rebels who had no respect for men. This took a different twist later on with more and more women seeking to empower and free themselves from bondage. Later on, women began to demand for their right to vote and participate in constituting of laws in their countries. Women’s legal rights were grossly abused and violated. Women could not defend themselves in courts of law without the consent of their husbands. Women could also not engage others in legal suits. French women who were married are known to have suffered from numerous restrictions on their legal capacities until recent reforms. In some parts of the East, women were treated as untouchable. They had little or no rights

Madoffs Fraud Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Madoffs Fraud Case - Research Paper Example He said that he earned the capital he invested in the business from Far Rockaway as lifeguard earnings. His firm was a major contributor to the growth of Nasdaq and boasts of succeeding in creating a system where brokers who mostly had traded in the New York Stock Exchange could do more business with the Nasdaq. When news that the business executive had been defrauding the investors and that the firm was nothing but a scam went public, it became a shock for most people. The scheme was a well-organized plan by a number of people to convince the regulators, investors, and visitors in the firms’ office that trading was going on while in real since it was not. In fact, there was no trading in the company for most of its life, with Mr. DiPascali an employee, revealing that he discovered that the company was not trading at all since the late 1980s. In addition, the firm also used a program that generated numbers randomly to choose the people to award-trading orders to, which happene d in varying intervals and in different increments. In such a case, it is unlikely for the investors to face charges for being victims of injustice (Efrati, 2009). However, Efrati, (2009) explains that two of the biggest investors in the firm, who had invested and trusted the firm with billions of dollars, got involved in the case, and the prosecution dragged them individually as well as their foundations to court to face charges. Instead of winning sympathy from the prosecutors and the judge, as they faced the charge of conspiring with the managers to defrauding other investors in the company. In a Manhattan court, Peter Madoff confessed among other crimes that he had faked documents and lied to regulators, which helped his elder brother Bernard Madoff to perpetuate the biggest of all investment frauds. The multi-billion dollar fraud scheme, known as the Ponzi scheme, defrauded investors of their invested capital during the collapse of Benard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC inv estment firm owned by Bernard Madoff. According to his confession in the court, Peter said that the investment sham caught him in shock when his brother told him the truth in the December of 2008 but said that he helped to divert the firm’s remaining funds to friends and family of the Madoffs. The employees forged documents that created a wrong impression of the company as trading and lured them into getting into the contracts and later lost their money. During his confession, Peter apologized for his irresponsible behavior, which is nothing, compared to the number of losses that investors suffered under his watch. For Peter, pleading guilty for his actions did not let him walk free after the judge sentenced him to 10 years imprisonment (Bray & Lauricella, 2009). The sentence also requires him to forfeit all his personal assets that include a Ferrari and more than 10 million dollars in cash. The sentence did not spare his wife and daughter, where he is required to forfeit the ir assets too. According to Peter, Bernard always acted as the boss, without giving his younger brother a chance for dialog. Despite this, he had an option of choosing not to honor his brother’s commands and do the right thing. He contributed to losses estimated at 17 billion dollars, money owned by the company on behalf of the investors, of which he promised to recover 11 billion.  

Wild Style Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wild Style - Assignment Example t in the film depicts how the development of modern culture struggled during their birth and corruption of such at that age would mean no culture today. There is more than just music to be learned from the film of Wild Style that is highly attractive even today. Many more people can learn from the characters that were used, their behavior and so forth. This after all is the purpose of creating films, to educate people about a certain subject that is familiar to the eye but understood differently by the minds. Culture is a fashioned way of doing things that define a certain group of people. In this case, the culture is Hip hop that can be described as having minor subcultures that define it in the entity; Graffiti, Djing, Break dancing and MCing (Gale). In the film, Lee Quinones acting as the character of Zoro is a graffiti artist whose neighborhood, the Bronx, is the source of hip hop culture. In fact, Hip hop was confined to the generation region, that is, the Bronx (Staff). The Dixie Club was featured in the (Wellman) film and was where the performers would showcase their talents or show (Rosen). This is the same way that people come to form a community, and the result is the birth of a culture. In the film, the culture was already there, it was only developing with the exchange of ideas. The streets of the Bronx are can-sprayed all over by unknown graffiti artists who take to the walls and windows for their exhibition. The environment created by the neighborhood creates a harboring pl ace for such talents as was realized in the case of Zoro. Indeed, the culture of Hip Hop has come a long way from back then where it was in a small region. Now this culture has grown into an international style that has been transformed through factors of time and different environment. Music is more than just a mere hobby for passing time or appeasing the mind; it is a way of expression and a tool of communication (music 1). Rap scenes at the Dixie Club by various talents

The Darkness Out There Essay Example for Free

The Darkness Out There Essay In this essay I am going to compare the differences and similarities between, the opening chapter of a nineteenth century novel called Great Expectations written by Charles Dickens, and a modern short story called The Darkness Out There written by Penelope Lively.  Great Expectations is a child-hood memory, told by an adult. The story is about a young orphan called Pip, who lived with his sister, and his brother in law who is the towns blacksmith. Pip does a good deed one night for a convict who has escaped prison. This is not mentioned after a while in the story. Pip then finds out that he has a benefactor who has left him a large sum of money to live with in the capital city, London. Pip wished to be a gentlemen when he was young, the benefactor helped make this wish come true. Whilst living in London Pip begins to forget his roots and look down upon people who are of lower status to him. Later on in the novel Pip discovers that his secret benefactor is the convict he helped when he was a youth. The Darkness Out There is about a young girl called Sandra who has high hopes for her future; in the story Sandra joins a club, which helps the elderly in her community. She and another boy meet an old woman called Mrs. Rutter who lives in a small cottage near a place called; Packers End. In the story Sandra finds out many things about Mrs. Rutter, which is in contrast to her outward appearance. In the story Sandra and her friend discovers many secrets about her life as a young woman during the war. Sandra later teaches herself a lesson; not to judge people by their appearance or how they treat you. The setting in the opening paragraphs of Great Expectations is in a graveyard; bleak place overgrown with nettles was the churchyard it is a dark and isolated flat wilderness. The setting reflects how Pip is feeling; he is very cold and in a highly emotional state. And that the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip. The story The Darkness Out There opens with a sunny pleasant setting; she walked through flowers, the girl, ox-eye daises and vetch and cow parsley, keeping to the track at the sedge of the field, this is in contrast to the title, which involves darkness. Packers End, is where most of is told, is also in contrast to the bright sunny opening setting; The dark reach of spinney came right to the gate there so that she would have to walk by the edge Sandra is afraid of Packers End; You didnt go by yourself through Packers End if you could help it, not after tea-time, anyway. Many rumours were told about Packers End. When Sandra was young she believed that Witches and wolves and tigers. Sometimes theyd go there for a dare. As a child she grew afraid of Packers End. As she got older the rumours changed to ghosts of German pilots who were left there to die! She wouldnt go there for a thousand pounds. Pip is a young orphan who is living with his sister and brother-in-law; both his parents have died they died was Pip was a very young child. We know this because Pip does not know what his parents look like so he constantly visits their graves. His sister does not speak about their parents, maybe because she thinks he is too young. Pip is in search of his identity. Pip was small for his age; though I was at that time under-sized, for my years, and not strong. When Pip is in the graveyard he feels like as if he is spiritually with his entire family; which is maybe why he is at the graveyard a lot, but knowing they have passed away. Pip has a very vast or vivid imagination; we know this when he tries to picture his parents by looking at the way the names are carved out on the gravestones. To show that he gave a lot of respect to his elders, he spoke to the convict using the word sir. Pip was a brave character, because he keeps his word with the convict and also swears an oath. In the opening paragraphs Pip was very vulnerable the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip. The convicts character is very aggressive; his opening line is a command. Hold your noise! Cried a terrible voice, as a man started up from among the graves at the side of the church porch. He was also in hiding before he made his appearance; he could have been watching him all along! The convict also threatens him, keep still, you little devil, or Ill cut your throat! He continues to talk aggressively. The convict has continuously threatened Pip but has never harmed him. Then later on he learns that Pip has no parents. Pip is very little compared to the convict. Near the end the convicts finds out that Pips brother-in-law is the village blacksmith, so he orders Pip to get him some food (wittles) and a file he intimidated him to do so by tilting him after each command and then at the end he threatened him by saying; Or Ill have your heart and liver out. The convict reinforces his threats by involving another man which he says is worse than him, he says that he is finding it difficult from keeping the man away from Pip. Near the end of the novel we find out the Pips benefactor is the convict himself.

Social interaction and the development of infants

Social interaction and the development of infants In the first two years of an infants life, they undergo many changes that allow them to develop into a fully functioning human being. These developments are controlled by internal and external factors. Social interaction is an exceedingly influential external factor, which can help to form many aspects of development. For example, infants in the first two years of their lives are learning to differentiate between social stimuli, for example recognising mothers face and voice. This is mastered by the infant in a relatively small time scale after birth (Mills Melhuish, 1974). The child can then use this new learned ability to interact with its caregivers, even without understanding the social meaning of their actions, for example when a child smiles, the child is not aware of what a smile means in our society, but when the caregiver sees this sign of emotion, they cannot help but to smile back, and positively reinforces that learned action to the child. To see how important social int eraction is for the development of a child in the first two years of its life, it is important to observe key areas of behaviour such as attachment to others, the childs temperament and their language acquisition. One of the most researched areas of development in children is attachment and how we form them. Attachment, as defined by Ainsworth and Bell 1970, is an affectional tie that once person forms between himself and another specific one. This is the first strong social connection that infants have to another human being/s. Research by Shaffer and Emerson, conducted in 1964, and suggested that there are three stages in the development of primary attachments; the asocial stage, the stage of indiscriminate attachment and the stage of specific attachment. The asocial stage, which spans from birth to six weeks, is when the infant uses signals to interact with its environment, for example crying, babbling, and smiling and so forth, which is not aimed specifically to anyone. The second stage of indiscriminate attachment, the infant has learnt that if it cries it will receive attention, but is still not aimed at a particular individual and the child can be comforted by anyone. This stage lasts u ntil around seven months after birth. The last stage, specific attachment, can be observed between seven and eleven months, and is suggests that the infant will start to form specific attachments to caregivers, a bond is then made, and will no longer accept comfort from others. Bowlby (1988) described that the need for social attachment between the infant and its caregiver is because the infant needs to actively seek to attain or maintain proximity to another individual that is more attuned to their surroundings and can provide for the infants needs (attachment behaviour). There have been three key theories to try and explain why we form attachments, and if it is important for children to form social bonds in the early stages of life. The psychoanalytical theory proposes that feeding and the production of food is the main reason why we form attachments. Based on Freuds psychosexual stages, this theory focuses on the oral stage (the first of the stages), and suggests that the child gets pleasure from attaining food through sucking behaviour (Miller, 1993). Erikson in his stage theory (1950, 1968) states that the first year of life is where the infant establishes trust between themselves and a caregiver, who in return provides nutrition and comfort. Without this trust, the child does not know whether they will be provided with the vital source of support that the child needs to survive. There are two main learning theories, the first being the early learning theory. The psychoanalytical theory is closely linked to this theory, as they both suggest that being provided with food is the main reason why we attach. This theory revolves around the secondary drive hypothesis by Dollard and Miller (1950), which explains that infants attach to the mother to gain access to important things that are needed for survival, things that they cannot provide for themselves for example food and warmth, all of which soothe the childs cries. This social interaction between the mother and the child then allows for the infant to associate this with the caregiver, and the bond is strengthened. However, this hypothesis disagrees with research conducted by Shaffer and Emerson (1964), which found that the infant can become attached to more than one caregiver, who is not necessarily the sole provider to the physiological needs of the child. The second learning theory for attachment is the social learning theory devised by Hay and Vespo, (1988). The theory states that the child does not automatically become attached to the mother, or caregivers, but that the caregivers has to interact with the child and show them affection, for the child to feel a connection with them, from which they can then form a relationship together. Another theory of attachment is Ethological theory, which states that there is an evolutionary role in the reasoning of why we as humans attach. The theory suggests that mothers before birth are already biologically predisposed to become attached to their offspring, and therefore ensures that they survive, and the species can continue. Research to support this theory was mainly collected by Bowlby (1969, 1980), who suggests that attachment is monotropic; focused on only one caregiver, namely the mother. However, research by Ainsworth (1979) disagrees with Bowlbys theory of monotropy, and suggests that infants form more than one attachment to many different caregivers. This is supported by Shaffer and Emersons study, which displayed attachments to other close family members for example grandparents and fathers. It has also been found that siblings can also be important in contributing to the social development of infants (Adler, 1964). These three theories suggest that attachment between the infant and its caregiver is formed relatively easily, but comparatively, if a child has little to no access to social interaction in the first two years of their life, it can be particularly harmful to the childs development. This can be explained by the social stimulation hypothesis which can be observed in research collected in the 1940s, which showed the children growing up in institutions had a low staff to child ratio and so rarely had any interaction with a caregiver. Children were also segregated from each other, and so were cut off from all forms of social stimulation. At first the infants acted no different from those brought up in normal family homes where the children are given lots of attention and interaction, but after six months there was a noticeable difference; the childrens behaviour changes and the children were completely avoidant of any social activities (negative working model of the self) and see that the y are not getting noticed by others (negative working model of others), (Goldfarb, 1943). This research implies that children need constant social interaction to develop properly. Bowlby (1953), after studying institutional care after the Second World War, saw that the care that the children were receiving was more physical, and not for their emotional needs. He developed the maternal deprivation hypothesis; suggested that infants should experience a warm, intimate and continuous relationship with his mother. Conversely, infants in institutions in which there are a much higher staff to infant ratio generally interact normally with their caregivers and develop well throughout life and suffer fewer effects (Tizard and Rees, 1975). Language is another element of develop in the first two years that is strongly influenced by social interaction. There are three main theories that discuss what influences our language acquisition. The learning/empiricist perspective explains that children learn their language by listening to their parents speech and imitating it (Bandura, 1971) and by positive reinforcement when the infant says something grammatically correct (Skinner 1957). Research by Weisman and Snow (2001) found that if caregivers expose their children to more advanced words earlier on in life, then the childs language will be more developed than other children of the same age group. However, it has been argued that children cannot learn syntax this way, as seen by Baron (1992), when children are just learning new sentences; they create statements that adults do not say and therefore could not have imitated. Chomsky (1959, 1968) disagrees with the learning perspective and suggests a more biological/nativist approach and not a social implication. He suggests that language is too complicated for it to just be learned from caregivers, instead that children born with an innate language acquisition device (LAD) in the brain which processes verbal input. Slobin (1985) thinks that we have an inborn language-making capacity (LMC) instead of an LAD. Both of these systems supposedly enable infants to combine vocabulary that has been collected in the brain, enables them to understand what it means, and then can use this knowledge to create sentences. Lenneberg (1967), combined the two theories of Chomsky and Slobin, and suggests the sensitive-period hypothesis, which states that the best time to learn a language is before adolescence; after this period has been reached language becomes very difficult to learn. For example, a case study of 14 year old Genie (Curtiss, 1977), who until this age was ke pt locked away with little to no social interaction, and was beaten by her father if she made any noise. When Genie was discovered, she had not had access to language and so could not speak. When she was taught language, she was able to conjure up sentences quite easily, however she was unable to acquire the rules of syntax, which young children learn early on in life without being taught to, supporting Baron (1992) theory. However, Moerk (1989) suggests that language development cannot be explained using LAD or LMC because the researchers themselves do not understand how they work, and how the information received in the brain is processed and understood. The interactionist perspective suggests that both empiricist (social) and nativists (biological) perspective both contribute to learning acquisition (Tomasello, 1995). A third factor for development that is influenced by social interaction in childhood is temperament. A definition of temperament as described by Hartup and Van Lieshout (1995) is a substrate for personality development, consisting of simple, basic styles that emerge early and that are tied closely to distinctive modes of emotional expression. Thomas and Chess (1977, 1989) reported three main type of temperamental styles; Easy infants; happy, easily comforted, Slow to warm up infants; fussy and are less adaptive, and Difficult infants; negative, extreme reactions for example long periods of continuous crying. Hartup and Van Lieshout (1995), suggests that temperament has social implications for the way in which an infant relates to other people for example difficult infants are more likely to develop behavioural problems as they get older. A way to try and combat this behaviour is for caregivers to provide more stimulating challenges for the child and try to promote the children to act in a more pro-active manner (Smith, Cowie and Blades, 1998). Thus suggesting that although temperament can continue throughout life, using social techniques can reduce aspects of temperamental behaviour as the child develops. In conclusion, attachment to caregivers, language acquisition and a childs temperament are all influenced by social interaction, and can be seen that the lack of it can lead to developmental abnormalities in children. For infants to develop healthily in the first two years of their life, it appears that they need high amounts of cognitive stimulation, feelings of security from those that care for them, and encouragement for behaviour, so that the child can positively attribute their actions and use these social cues, for example smiling and babbling, to develop all the key skills that they will need as they grow up.

Film Techniques in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape Essay examples -- essay

"What's Eating Gilbert Grape?" Film Techniques related to theme Theme: Struggle and Hardship In the film "What's Eating Gilbert Grape?" directed by Lasse Hallstrom in 1993, one of the main ideas is that of struggle and hardship. This idea is significant to the film because it relates to each character in a different way, making the storyline more interesting. Three different techniques used by Lasse Hallstrom to illustrate the idea of struggle and hardship include Gilberts voice over, the extra close-ups of Bonnie as she climbs the stairs and the double up of dialogue, where Mrs Carver is talking to Gilbert, and Mr Carver is heard tying to entertain their children in background. One character that suffers from struggle and hardship is Gilbert. At the beginning of the film, just after the opening scene, there are a series of establishing shots of Endora. They display the town as a dead, empty place, and are accompanied by a voice over done by Gilbert Grape. Gilbert describes each shop and his house with a dreary, dull tone and a lack of enthusiasm. This indicates to the audien...

“Advice To youth” by Mark Twain Essay

â€Å"Advice To youth† by Mark Twain is basically a short little composition that he was asked to write to the youth’s of America. Basically it was just meant to be something to be educational and useful in life. I think that what he said back then is just as true today as it was back then when he wrote it. He starts off by saying that you should always listen to what your parents say even if you don’t agree because if you try to rebel against them you’ll just get into an argument and after being punished you’ll be forced to do what they said anyway. It doesn’t matter if you’re right or not just listen to them; you’ll save yourself the hassle of fighting with your parents and ruining your relationship with them. That’s advice that we all have heard, but find impossible to follow growing up. It always ends up with us punished and us having to do something we didn’t want to do plus some other stuff. He says that you should always respect your superiors whether they’re strangers, family or friends. If someone does something to disrespect and your not sure whether it was intentional or not you should hit them with a brick and then if you find out that he didn’t mean any harm you should be a man and tell the person you hit with the brick that you were the one who did it. He said that you shouldn’t fight and just try to talk it out, let bygones be bygones. The first half of this advice is correct; we should respect our elders even if they are wrong. As for hitting someone who offended you miss intentionally or otherwise, if we were to do this in today’s society we would all have to carry weapons on us at all times and we’d all leave a trail of bodies everywhere we went. It’s best just to ignore dumb remarks that are made by even dumber people and get on with life. There is too much ignorance in this world, one person won’t be able to make a difference with something like this. In the third paragraph he says the old clichà © â€Å"early to bed, early to rise†. Then he talks about getting up at different times and how whatever wakes you up will change your attitude. He trained a bird to wake him up at nine thirty every morning, so I guess it makes him optimistic to wake up to a lark chirping. I guess that’s true, but in today’s world no one gets enough sleep; everyone goes to bed late, wakes up early and is always tired. Alarm  clocks are a pain to wake up to and so are radios. The sounds of nature wouldn’t wake most people up because we have gotten used to loud noises, so low noise wouldn’t make us shudder. Most of us wake up to the buzzing or beeping of a blaring alarm clock, which makes us angry and groggy. We spend most of the morning dazed and confused and at night tired and lazy. He then talks about lying; he says that you refrain from lying as much as humanly possible unless you are skilled at it. If your a bad liar then you shouldn’t lie because it will usually be slanderous and if you get caught spreading lies you’ll be branded a liar by everyone. This is obvious advice that most people have taken. Most people are good at lying because they have been practicing for years. To become successful you need to be able to lie and stick with the lie until you are on your deathbed. To hear a complete truth from anyone in today’s world is almost impossible since we all stretch the truth from time. He then talks about guns and gun control. He says that you should have a gun in the house in case you need it, but you shouldn’t have it loaded unless you plan to use it. It should never be left unlocked or else you could get hurt if it was left accidentally loaded. He says never point a gun at a person unless you plant to kill them. This is something that most political people and lobbyists talk about allot. I agree with this completely. It’s better to have a gun and not need it then need it and not have it. A gun should never be loaded until right before you are going to use it, anyone with a gun license should know that; same goes for never point a gun at something that you don’t wish to destroy. Guns are weapons not playthings. A gun should be locked on a gun rack or have a gunlock incase someone where to get a hold of it they wouldn’t be able to do anything with it. He then starts talking about how you should read allot, but that you should be careful of what you choose to read. He says you should only read good books having to do with religion. Reading is always a good thing to do. However, in today’s society most people are agnostic so reading about religious topics is something they wouldn’t do under normal circumstances. People should read anything whether comic books, manga, manuals, how to  guides or whatever. It’s all better then watching television. He then says that if you listen to his advise you will be a good person. I agree with his statement. All of his written advice is useful stuff that you always hear but don’t care to pay attention to while growing up until it’s too late in life to do anything about it. Mark Twain was a great writer and as it turns out; he also had allot of common sense and useful knowledge, of which he decided to share some with us in that little passage that he was asked to write. Reading it all again and responding to it enforces those ideas in my mind as I hope it will for all those who decide to do this assignment.

Criminal Justice/Corrections Essay

Imprisonment is one of the many forms of punishment for commission of crimes in the United States. The length of time of imprisonment depends on the seriousness of the crime committed. The most serious crime of murder and homicide is punishable by life imprisonment and the felon will be confined in federal prisons. Those convicted with less serious crimes like misdemeanor offenses will be sentenced to shorter time in local or county jail or with sanctions in community corrections or halfway house. Overcrowding in jails and prisons has been a common sight in most of the correctional institutions in the United States. The nicnic. org. (2001) through a report from the GRACE Project of Volunteers of America revealed that â€Å"while 500,000 persons are admitted and released from state and federal prisons annually, twenty times that amount – over eleven million are admitted and released from jails annually†. This goes to show that at any given time of the year, the United States is maintaining and or feeding 10. 5 million inmates. The organization further revealed that jail populations grew at a lower rate of 275% since 1980 while the federal prison population increased by 427% in the same period. This unprecedented growth in inmate population is not expected and causing big budget deficit from the state level up to the federal level of government. In as much as the inmate population continue rising and only a small number over the years has left federal prisons due to completion of their imprisonment as punishment for their crimes, a big number of aging offenders which require higher spending due to their geriatric- related ailments complicated the problem. This paper aims to document the extent of the aging offenders population across the U. S. the reasons for the increase and the roblems associated with it. Furthermore, this paper will also offer solutions to the problems based from the documented causes and experiences of the different states in dealing with the problems. A number of states in the U. S. expressed alarm over the inescapable fact that in their effort to rid society of undesirable and lawless elements, their jails and prisons became jam-packed. Feeding and housing these inmates especially the aging offenders cost them a lot more, sacrificing their budget for education. The affected states realize the generally accepted fact that education should be more financially supported than prisoners as this is the proven most effective way to raise a new generation of responsible and law abiding citizens. West Virginia reported that prison population in this state exceeded the national average owing to its 9. 3% incarceration which is the highest among the U. S. states. The non-profit organization further reported that between 1994 and 2004, the inmate population in West Virginia increased from 2,392 to 5,032 or 110% increase. Thegrassrootleadership. org (n. d. reported that the state projected that by 2012, the inmate population will increase by 35% over that of 2004 level or a total of 6,774 inmates to feed and maintain. Although the increasing population of aging inmates is not mentioned, common sense will tell that the population is included since most of the aging population is sentenced to anguish in prisons for life. The state government in order to cope up with the unprecedented increase, spent $100 million to build new prisons. The organization further reported that in the last 10 years, the Division of Corrections of West Virginia tripled its expenditure. To this effect, the state has increased spending for inmates five times the amount for higher education and other social services. In absolute figures, according to grassrootleadership. org, the state of West Virginia appropriated $6,435 per full time college student and $19, 377 per person incarcerated by DOC. Inflation adjusted, the amount per college student is 33% higher than in 1994 while the amount per inmate increased 169% or five times the amount per student The grassrootleadership. g reported that West Virginia government consider the very strict policy of the state regarding sentencing and parole as the cause of this urge in inmate population. To minimize this effect, the state consider â€Å"Implementing a cap on the number of people incarcerated [†¦.. ], along with re-examining sentencing and parole policies in the state that can lead to an end of the soaring number of incarcerations. A thorough re- examination of the recent parole policy of the state is in order† (grassrootleadership. rg, n. d. conclusion, 2nd par. ). In addition to this strategy, the Day Report Center alternative which set aside incarceration for misdemeanor crimes in favor of community service, home incarceration nd boards created for reparation is also put in place. A saving of about $ 42-63 million per year can be realized from seven centers based from the Lee Day Report Center cost experience of $14. 00 per day per inmate. The state of Florida recognized the increasing number of aging offenders in their prisons. The Florida Correction Commission (n. d. eported that in 2000, The Florida Legislature instructed and required the Department of Corrections to establish and operate a facility for elderly inmates at the River Junction Correctional Institution in Chattahoochee. The Florida Correction Commission (FCC) further reported that the Florida Legislature required the Correctional Medical Authority (MDA) and the FCC to submit an annual report on the medical health status of aging offenders in the state administered and private institutions together with an examination of geriatric policies being implemented in other states. The FCC revealed that the cost of maintaining an elderly prisoner is three times the cost for a younger inmate. The reason for this is the geriatric problems associated with aging specially in a confined environment where depression always linger. The FCC further revealed that age 50 should be the starting point for elderly inmate definition. The FCC reported further that per their observation, there were three basic groups of older inmates, the first time offenders, the habitual or career criminals and those that has grown old in prison waiting for the end of their sentenced imprisonment. According to FCC, inmates 55 years and older on the average were suffering from three chronic health problems that require specialized and expensive treatment as in the case of about 15 to 25% of heir elderly inmates having mental health problems. For this reason, the aging inmates contributed greatly to their huge medical expenses. In the year 2000, the FCC reported that there were 5,082 aging offenders which represent 54. 9% increase from 1995 level. In June 2000 out of a total of 71,233 inmates, the number of 50 year and above offenders increased to 5,605. It is projected that by 2010, the Florida elderly inmates will swell to 8. % of the total inmates. The FCC further revealed from their survey that 62. 8% of the elderly inmates were prisoned due to violent offenses and therefore require longer imprisonment. The state of Florida recognizes the significance of the third type of aging patients or those who grew old in prison in addition to national and state laws requiring longer prison sentences as the contributing factor to rise of their aging offender population. The FCC reported that at present, no geriatric facility except for River Junction Correctional Institution in Chattahoochee is devoted to the aging offender population. The state government plans to segregate the older population according to geriatric health needs and the security level needed so that the number of ail guards can be adjusted especially in minimum security segregated group for economic reasons. The FCC further reported that the Florida Department of Elder Affairs develop a course on elderly abuse, neglect and exploitation to produce certified individuals to carry out preventive medical intervention so that elderly diseases will not become acute and more costly to cure. Studies were also being undertaken to release elderly inmates who does not pose danger to society anymore due to their frail stature. Lastly, the Florida state is conducting survey as to the ost they will incur and the economic benefits if their preemptive programs will be implemented. The state of Georgia is also not exempt in aging offender problem. The Associated Press (2000) revealed that in 1979, there were about 570 convicts aged 50 and up, increased to 3,050 in June 1999 and 5,000 in 2004. The Georgia prison officials estimated that the elderly inmates could swell to 9,000 by 2010. The Associated Press further reported that like in other states, the cost of maintaining the elderly offenders is becoming more and more costly. The newspaper revealed that healthcare cost for average Georgia prisoner now amounts to $8. 25 a day. For an elderly offender 50 years old and above, the cost is $27. 00 a day or about $10,000 a year. The newspaper continue saying that the elderly offenders in Georgia prisons represents about 6% of the whole inmate population but the expense in maintaining them amounts to 12% of the annual health care budget for inmates. This so because the elderly inmates require costly and more specialized health care practices owing to their special geriatric problems. Georgia prison fficials revealed that longer prison sentences, tighter parole approvals and the inevitable aging of those prisoners waiting for the completion of their terms contributed to the swelling population of aging offenders. In addition, the â€Å"The two Strikes and You’re Out† law (Associated Press, Elderly Inmates Swell, 13th par. enacted by Georgia in 1994 which punishes a felon who commit crime of armed robbery, aggravated child molestation and sodomy, aggravated sexual battery, rape and kidnapping to a mandatory 10 year sentence without parole. The newspaper added that a second violation of any of the six felonies or murder, the felon gets a andatory life sentence without parole. All of these resulted to stacking effect of offenders in jails until the whole population get grayer and larger and more costly to handle. Associated Press further reported that John Kerbs, a researcher on criminal justice from University of Michigan suggested selective decarceration to ease the problem of swelling aging offenders’ population in Georgia prison system. This includes more often officials’ parole review of elderly inmates , electronic monitoring of graying offenders in release programs that is closely supervised and edical paroles for chronic and terminally ill inmates. Based from available studies, the states of Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, North Carolina, New York, Oklahoma, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Texas share the same problem on aging offenders as the states we have discussed. However, not all states in the U. S. look at aging offenders with compassion and understanding. One such state is California. Times staff writer, Warren, J (2002) reported that the California Department of Corrections is well aware of the aging prison population. The state according to the writer is well aware of the fact that the cost of maintaining aging offender is thrice the cost of that of the younger inmates. Longer sentences and substantial decline in paroles were considered as the cause of the rise in number of aging inmates. The Times staff writer further stated that the state in this times of economic belt tightening faces a $24 billion deficit mainly because of the health care expenses of the graying inmate population. Despite this, the state of California is hesitant to implement cost cutting strategies unlike the other U. S. states. The felons, young and old are mixed in cells. Although the idea of segregation based on age, health status and security needed is being considered, that never got off the ground due to the fact that the Correction and state officials are against it. A typical day in the life of an aging offender is a struggle against extortion, insult, bullying and disrespect from the stronger and younger inmates. The correction officials claim that segregation require additional upfront cost in terms of new buildings and prison facilities and this have no room in a state with huge budget deficit. The prison officials laim that offenders did crimes to society and so they have to suffer the consequences in prison. The staff writer said that nobody in the state legislature is bent to be soft in treating offenders. They even passed a law called â€Å"Three strike and you’re out† law to address the problem of the habitual offenders. This law sentences a felon to life imprisonment with no parole provision on the third crime conviction regardless of the nature of the wrong doing. The writer revealed that the population of inmate in California federal prison as of 2002 is about 4% of the total inmates f 5,800 men and women. According to the writer California reported an expenditure of $676 million on medical care of inmates but decline how much is for the elderly. The author further stated that California prison officials conceded the fact that the elderly require a 24 hour hospice care, high cost cardiac care, costly organ transplants, expensive cancer treatment and closely supervised treatment for dementia. On the national perspective, the U. S. Bureau of Prisons total inmate health care expenditures from 1990 to 1999 amounted to $2. 7 billion (U. S. General Accounting Office, 000). The GAO office also recognizes the fact that aging inmate population contributed greatly to this expenditure. The BOP also consider the changes in sentencing laws like mandatory minimum sentencing and the habitual criminality conviction as contributory to graying of the federal prisons. To economize on health care expenditures with emphasis to aging offenders’ health care, the GAO consider several options. The GAO encourage the states’ prison officials to obtain discounts through bulk purchases of states’ prison system needs and privatizing health care services in some states. This will involve appointing specialized private hospitals as alternative to government run health care services in cases of mounting geriatric health care problems patterned after the â€Å"Medicare- based cap on payments† ( GAO 2000, Summary, 3rd par). This according to GAO will save the government about $6 million annually. The GAO also proposed payment of $2. 00 per request visit over the usual round of doctors. This co-payment scheme is aimed to reduce unnecessary medical visit requests by the inmate disrupting the busy doctors. The co-payment scheme will generate revenue of about $1 million annually. It has been documented that the most compelling problem of aging offenders is the inability of some states to deliver the needed medical care for their ailment. The Bureau of Prisons admitted that a number of states is not ready to tackle the rising population of elderly offenders in their prison system resulting to huge budget deficits. This is due to the fact that it cost three times higher to maintain elderly offender than a younger one and five times higher than the expense of a college student. The geriatric ailments are more expensive to cure. To check the inevitable increase of aging offenders’ number in the prison system, a systematic approach should be done. The sentencing and parole system should be soft in dealing with the elderly inmates. The prison should start with the segregation of the elderly based from the state of their health and their physical ability and capacity to do crimes to society. The terminally ill, frail and weak should be given medical parole and let them join the main stream of society. They have suffered a lot of physical and mental punishment in jail in exchange for the crime they have committed. Those who are still strong but behaving well in prisons should be given parole but will be required to report to Day Report Centers to determine the progress of their assimilation to the mainstream of society. Those having mental problems should be confined to hospice care centers under minimum security. The sickly but still able bodied should be separated from the rest and should pay $2 per requested doctor visit over the normal doctors’ daily round. The able bodied and wild ones should be housed separately and placed under strict security until they mellow down and complete their imprisonment sentence. The â€Å"two and three strikes and you’re out† law will take care of habitual offenders. Other cost control strategies proposed by GAO can be considered seriously by the states now that the aging offender problems were given full attention to further realize cost savings.. The recommendations are based on the philosophy of win- win strategy in decision making. Considering them will rid federal prisons of unnecessary huge expenses, give freedom to deserving aged inmates and let the states use the savings for education of the youth to produce a new generation of able- bodied and law-abiding citizens.